基于遗传算法-支持向量机模型在热带气旋强度预报中的应用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

顾锦荣  刘华强  刘向陪  吕庆平 《海洋预报》2011,28(3)

利用遗传算法对支持向量机(SVM)模型参数进行寻优,找到最优参数组合后代入SVM模型中,得到基于遗传算法的支持向量机模型(GA-SVM),利用此模型对热带气旋强度进行预报实验。该模型对热带气旋强度12 h、24 h和48 h的预报平均绝对误差分别为3.01 m/s、4.46 m/s和6.57 m/s;比最小二乘回归法的预报精度分别提高了12%、11%、14%。  相似文献   

From pollen percentage to vegetation cover: evaluation of the Landscape Reconstruction Algorithm in western Norway   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

KARI LOE HJELLE  INGVILD KRISTINE MEHL  SHINYA SUGITA  GIDSKE LEKNÆS ANDERSEN 《第四纪科学杂志》2015,30(4):312-324

The Landscape Reconstruction Algorithm (LRA) with the two models REVEALS and LOVE is developed to transform pollen percentage data to vegetation cover. This paper presents the first study to evaluate LRA in a region with large topographic variations within a short distances. The REVEALS model estimates regional vegetation abundance based on pollen assemblages from large lakes (100–500 ha). Pollen surface samples from one large and 28 small lakes are used together with a combination of regionally derived pollen productivity estimates and available estimates from other regions of Europe. The results show a good relationship between REVEALS‐estimated forest cover and vegetation abundance based on the CORINE land‐cover data. The REVEALS results using various sets of pollen assemblages from small lakes were comparable to those using one large lake. Local vegetation abundance using the LOVE model was estimated around 26 lakes. For common taxa, such as Pinus and Poaceae, the LOVE‐based estimates of plant abundance match well with the distance‐weighted plant abundances based on vegetation maps. Our results indicate that the LRA approach is effective for reconstruction of long‐term vegetation changes in western Norway and other regions with high topographic relief when no major gradients exist in the pollen data.  相似文献   

Linking pesticides and human health: A geographic information system (GIS) and Landsat remote sensing method to estimate agricultural pesticide exposure     

《Applied geography (Sevenoaks, England)》2015

Accurate pesticide exposure estimation is integral to epidemiologic studies elucidating the role of pesticides in human health. Humans can be exposed to pesticides via residential proximity to agricultural pesticide applications (drift). We present an improved geographic information system (GIS) and remote sensing method, the Landsat method, to estimate agricultural pesticide exposure through matching pesticide applications to crops classified from temporally concurrent Landsat satellite remote sensing images in California. The image classification method utilizes Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) values in a combined maximum likelihood classification and per-field (using segments) approach. Pesticide exposure is estimated according to pesticide-treated crop fields intersecting 500 m buffers around geocoded locations (e.g., residences) in a GIS. Study results demonstrate that the Landsat method can improve GIS-based pesticide exposure estimation by matching more pesticide applications to crops (especially temporary crops) classified using temporally concurrent Landsat images compared to the standard method that relies on infrequently updated land use survey (LUS) crop data. The Landsat method can be used in epidemiologic studies to reconstruct past individual-level exposure to specific pesticides according to where individuals are located.  相似文献   

Regional evapotranspiration rate of oasis and surrounding desert     

Jihong Jia  Wenzhi Zhao  Shoubo Li 《水文研究》2013,27(24):3409-3414

The surface energy balance algorithm for land method was used in this study to calculate the evapotranspiration (ET) rate for the middle reaches of the Heihe River Basin, Gansu Province, China, to analyse ET distribution within the oasis and the surrounding desert and, especially, on the edge zone of the oasis. Five profile graphs were created vertical to the river. Because of the inverse humidity phenomenon, the least amount of evapotranspiration occurred on the desert close to the oasis. The average evapotranspiration rate was roughly proportioned from the edge of the oasis to inside and outside its boundary. Two meteorological ground stations located close to the oasis edge showed a notable difference in net radiation flux that led to the difference found in ET. The primary reason for the significant differences observed in net radiation may be largely the result of differences in flux reflectivity and surface temperature. Meteorological data show that water supply also played an important role. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

西方国家办公空间研究综述   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

温锋华  XU Xue-qiang  李立勋 《世界地理研究》2008,17(2):85-94

文章分别从区位论、城市空间结构理论等角度入手,总结了西方早期上述理论体系中办公空间研究的相关内容,并从办公空间的区位特征、集聚与扩散及其空间结构形成机制等方面对西方战后在办公空间方面的研究进展进行了综述,还对西方办公空间的研究方法进行了总结,最后结合我国的实际情况对西方的研究进行了述评,以期为我国相同领域研究的开展提供一点启示。  相似文献   

Adoption of the arctic search and rescue agreement: A shift of the arctic regime toward a hard law basis?     

Shih-Ming Kao Nathaniel S. Pearre  Jeremy Firestone 《Marine Policy》2012,36(3):832-838

This paper examines the Arctic Search and Rescue Agreement—the first legally-binding instrument negotiated and adopted under the auspices of the Arctic Council—and analyzes its implications for the current Arctic regime. Led by the Arctic Council, the Arctic regime was established in a soft law format. However, the soft law nature and restricted mandates of the Arctic Council have limited its capacity to respond to new issues emerging from climate change, particularly those related to the exploitation of oil and gas reserves, commercial shipping through the region, effects on wildlife, and impacts on indigenous peoples' homelands and culture. The adoption of the Agreement represents a new approach for the Arctic States to respond to these new challenges. At the same time, it does not imply that a legally-binding instrument is necessarily preferable for every issue, and importantly, the new Arctic Agreement does not establish new institutional relationships, suggesting satisfaction among the Arctic States with the existing arrangements. Thus, although the Arctic regime is undoubtedly changing, this change should not be treated today as a shift from soft to hard law. What is more certain is that the Arctic Council will continue to function as a cooperative forum where the Arctic States can address these challenges, and its importance will only increase in coming years.  相似文献   

行星际激波的传播及其相应的地磁效应          下载免费PDF全文

苏振鹏  熊明  郑惠南  王水 《地球物理学报》2009,52(3):591-598

基于 2.5 维理想磁流体力学（Magnetohydrodynamic,MHD）方程组分析了行星际激波在日球层子午面内的传播过程及其相应的地磁效应.日球层电流片（Heliospheric Current Sheet,HCS）-日球层等离子体片（Heliospheric Plasma Sheet,HPS）对于行星际激波的传播具有一定的阻碍作用.当行星际激波相对于HCS 倾斜传播时,相对于扰动源位于HCS 异侧的激波强度较同侧的明显减弱.局地激波面的法线（或形状）对通过激波阵面的磁力线发生偏转的程度和方向起决定性作用.沿激波传播方向其为准平行激波,磁场偏转程度较小,而其两侧部分则为斜激波,磁场偏转程度较大.位于HCS-HPS 位置处的波前形成凹槽,磁力线偏转程度明显加强.行星际激波对磁场的偏转效应是其驱动地磁暴的重要机制,而且地磁效应的强度与地球相对于HCS 的角距离Δθ_p有明显关系.数值模拟结果表明：任何行星际激波,Δθ_p=0°处均无法形成较大强度的地磁效应;沿HCS 传播的行星际激波,地磁效应最强的区域位于HCS 两侧;相对于HCS 倾斜传播的行星际激波,地磁效应最强的区域位于HCS 异侧.  相似文献   

遗传算法优化的支持向量机湿地遥感分类——以洪河国家级自然保护区为例   总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5  

臧淑英  张策  张丽娟  张玉红 《地理科学》2012,(4):434-441

湿地遥感分类作为湿地管理、监测与评价的重要手段,受到了广泛的关注。遗传算法(GA)借鉴了生物进化规律进行启发式搜索寻优,支持向量机(SVM)是一种新型的空间数据挖掘方法,二者相结合可以发挥各自的优势,寻找到支持向量机的全局最优参数,从而较准确地对湿地进行遥感分类。以洪河自然保护区为例,采用遗传算法优化的支持向量机方法进行了湿地遥感分类研究。同格网搜索下的支持向量机湿地遥感分类及最大似然监督分类对比,结果表明,遗传算法优化较格网搜索方式总精度提高了7.29%,较最大似然监督分类提高了12.06%,方法改善了沼泽、草地与裸地三种地物间的区分,是湿地遥感分类的有效手段。  相似文献   

S波段双线偏振雷达KDP参数计算的初步研究          下载免费PDF全文

胡鹏  胡明宝  张柽柽  杨金伟 《气象与环境学报》2012,28(1):77-81

双线偏振多普勒雷达测量的参数K_DP在定量估测降雨强度和识别降水粒子相态方面都有着很重要的作用。鉴于雷达实测K_DP值来源于S波段双线偏振雷达信号处理器（RVP8）的结果,没有具体的计算过程,不便于进行雷达资料预处理和质量控制。探讨总结了K_DP的3种算法,通过实测数据,将雷达信号处理器（RVP8）观测的K_DP作为参考值,进行了对比分析。结果表明：最小二乘法误差最小,精度最高;讨论了沿雷达径向,不同平滑距离对最小二乘法K_DP计算的影响;同时研究了雷达实测K_DP与通过Z-R关系计算的降雨强度之间的关系显示,5 km的距离长度既能起到足够的平滑作用,又能保持足够的气象信息,不至于影响测量降水效果;同时,K_DP与降雨强度之间存在较好的对应关系,在强降雨阶段尤为显著,可以利用K_DP来估算反演降雨强度。  相似文献   

一种主动发现网络地理信息服务的主题爬虫     

沈平  桂志鹏  游兰  胡凯  吴华意 《地球信息科学学报》2015,17(2):185-190

地理信息服务已成为分布式环境下获取地理数据的重要来源,从海量的网络资源中找到地理信息服务,是共享与互操作地理数据的基础。目前,地理信息服务主动搜索主要采用通用搜索引擎的接口或者通用爬虫的抓取方式,但这2种方式存在搜索效率低、搜索结果可用性差等不足。针对这一问题,本文设计了一种搜索地理信息服务的主题爬虫。该算法在最佳优先搜索的基础上进行了改进,综合考虑网页内容的主题相关度和链接文本的主题相关度确定链接优先级,优先爬取与地理信息服务相关的链接,并通过舍弃无关网页中的无关链接,减少无效爬取,进而提高搜索效率。此外,本文采用关键词匹配结合能力文档探测的方式识别地理信息服务,有效筛选出可用的地理信息服务,提高了服务搜索结果的可利用率。最后,本文以OGC WMS为实例,实现爬虫算法的原型系统并进行实验,实验证明该算法有效可行。  相似文献